Research by UCL, which examined medical records of 260,000 men with erectile dysfunction, has provided ‘food for thought’
After a decades-long and largely fruitless hunt for drugs to combat Alzheimer’s disease, an unlikely candidate has raised its head: the erectile dysfunction pill Viagra.
Researchers found that men who were prescribed Viagra and similar medications were 18% less likely to develop the most common form of dementia years later than those who went without the drugs.
The effect was strongest in men with the most prescriptions, with scientists finding a 44% lower risk of Alzheimer’s in those who received 21 to 50 prescriptions of the erectile dysfunction pills over the course of their study.
While the findings are striking, the observational study cannot determine whether Viagra and similar pills protect against Alzheimer’s or whether men who are already less prone to the condition are simply more likely to use the tablets.
We can’t say that the drugs are responsible, but this does give us food for thought on how we move into the future,” said the lead author Dr Ruth Brauer at University College London. “We now need a proper clinical trial to look at the effects of these drugs on Alzheimer’s in women as well as men.”
Brauer and her colleagues analysed medical records for more than 260,000 men who were diagnosed with erectile dysfunction but had no evidence of memory or thinking problems.
Just over half were taking PDE5 inhibitor drugs, including sildenafil (sold as Viagra), avanafil, vardenafil and tadalafil. The men were followed for an average of five years to record any new cases of Alzheimer’s.
An estimated 55 million people live with dementia around the world, most of which is due to Alzheimer’s. New drugs that clear aberrant proteins from the brain have shown promise for slowing down the disease, but the effects of the medicines appear marginal.
Viagra was originally developed to treat angina and high blood pressure, but when Welsh miners who took part in a trial in Merthyr Tydfil remarked on its unexpected night-time side-effects, the drug became a multibillion dollar erectile dysfunction pill.
PDE5 inhibitors work by relaxing veins and arteries, allowing blood to flow more freely. Studies in animals show that this improves blood flow in the brain, which may help protect against Alzheimer’s. Further work has shown that PDE5 inhibitors raise levels of a compound called cGMP, which may also help to protect brain cells.
There are other possible explanations for the findings, published in the journal Neurology.
Because the information is not recorded reliably in medical records, the researchers were unable to account for differing levels of physical and sexual activity among the men. It may be that the most physically and sexually active men, who had a low risk of developing Alzheimer’s, were most likely to use Viagra or similar pills.
Previous studies into Viagra and Alzheimer’s have found contradictory effects. In 2021, researchers at the Cleveland Clinic in Ohio reported a 69% lower risk of Alzheimer’s among Viagra users, while a Harvard study in 2021 found no protective effect in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Well, 2023 didn’t exactly go to plan, did it?
Here in the UK, the prime minister, Rishi Sunak, had promised us a government of stability and competence – not forgetting professionalism, integrity and accountability – after the rollercoaster ride of Boris Johnson and Liz Truss. Remember Liz? These days she seems like a long forgotten comedy act. Instead, Sunak took us even further through the looking-glass into the Conservative psychodrama.
Elsewhere, the picture has been no better. In the US, Donald Trump is now many people’s favourite to become president again. In Ukraine, the war has dragged on with no end in sight. The danger of the rest of the world getting battle fatigue and losing interest all too apparent. Then there is the war in the Middle East and not forgetting the climate crisis …
But a new year brings new hope. There are elections in many countries, including the UK and the US. We have to believe in change. That something better is possible. The Guardian will continue to cover events from all over the world and our reporting now feels especially important. But running a news gathering organisation doesn’t come cheap.
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